| Communications in Mathematics |
Editors: Ana Cristina Moreira Freitas, Carlos Florentino, Diogo Oliveira e Silva & Ivan Kaygorodov
These are detailed notes for a lecture on "Non-associative Algebraic Structures: Classification and Structure" which I presented as a part of my Agregaç\~ao em Matemática e Applicações (University of Beira Interior, Covilh\~a, Portugal, 13-14/03/2023).
This is an abridged version of our Habilitation thesis. In these notes, we aim to summarize our research interests and achievements as well as motivate what drives our work: symmetry, structure and invariants. The paradigmatic example which permeates and often inspires our research is the Weyl algebra $\mathbb{A}_{1}$.
In this paper, which corresponds to an updated version of the author's Habilitation lecture in Mathematics, we do an overview of several topics in elliptic problems. We review some old and new results regarding the Lane-Emden equation, both under Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, then focus on sign-changing solutions for Lane-Emden systems. We also survey some results regarding fully nontrivial solutions to gradient elliptic systems with mixed cooperative and competitive interactions. We conclude by exhibiting results on optimal partition problems, with cost functions either related to Dirichlet eigenvalues or to the Yamabe equation. Several open problems are referred along the text.
We show that a measurable function $g:\mathbb{S}^{d-1}\to\mathbb{R}$, with $d\geq 3$, satisfies the functional relation \begin{equation*} g(\omega)+g(\omega_*)=g(\omega')+g(\omega_*'), \end{equation*} for all admissible $\omega,\omega_*,\omega',\omega_*'\in\mathbb{S}^{d-1}$ in the sense that \begin{equation*} \omega+\omega_*=\omega'+\omega_*', \end{equation*} if and only if it can be written as \begin{equation*} g(\omega)=A+B\cdot\omega, \end{equation*} for some constants $A\in \mathbb{R}$ and $B\in\mathbb{R}^d$. Such functions form a family of quantized collision invariants which play a fundamental role in the study of hydrodynamic regimes of the Boltzmann--Fermi--Dirac equation near Fermionic condensates, i.e., at low temperatures. In particular, they characterize the elastic collisional dynamics of Fermions near a statistical equilibrium where quantum effects are predominant.
We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions on weights for a wide class of integral transforms to be bounded between weighted $L^p-L^q$ spaces, with $1\leq p\leq q\leq \infty$. The kernels $K(x,y)$ of such transforms are only assumed to satisfy upper bounds given by products of two functions, one in each variable. The obtained results are applicable to a number of transforms, some of which are included here as particular examples. Some of the new results derived here are the characterization of weights for the boundedness of the $\mathscr{H}_\alpha$ (or Struve) transform in the case $\alpha>\frac{1}{2}$, or the characterization of power weights for which the Laplace transform is bounded in the limiting cases $p=1$ or $q=\infty$.