| Communications in Mathematics |
In the present paper, seventh order Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon (CDG) equation is solved by Lie symmetry analysis. All the geometry vector fields of seventh order KdV equations are presented. Using Lie transformation seventh order CDG equation is reduced into ordinary differential equations. These ODEs are solved by power series method to obtain exact solution. The convergence of the power series is also discussed.
For a fixed integer $k$, we define the multiplicative function \[D_{k,\omega}(n) := \frac{d(n)}{k^{\omega(n)}}, \]where $d(n)$ is the divisor function and $\omega (n)$ is the number of distinct prime divisors of $n$. The main purpose of this paper is the study of the mean value of the function $D_{k,\omega}(n)$ by using elementary methods.
In this paper we obtain asymptotic expansion for the geometric mean of the values of positive strongly multiplicative function $f$ satisfying $f(p)=\alpha(d)\,p^d+O(p^{d-\delta})$ for any prime $p$ with $d$ real and $\alpha(d),\delta>0$.
In the present paper we consider a family of non-Volterra quadratic stochastic operators depending on a parameter $\alpha$ and study their trajectory behaviors. We find all fixed points for a non-Volterra quadratic stochastic operator on a finite-dimensional simplex. We construct some Lyapunov functions. A complete description of the set of limit points is given, and we show that such operators have the ergodic property.
The main objective of the present paper is to introduce and study the function $_pR_q(A, B; z)$ with matrix parameters and investigate the convergence of this matrix function. The contiguous matrix function relations, differential formulas and the integral representation for the matrix function $_pR_q(A, B; z)$ are derived. Certain properties of the matrix function $_pR_q(A, B; z)$ have also been studied from fractional calculus point of view. Finally, we emphasize on the special cases namely the generalized matrix $M$-series, the Mittag-Leffler matrix function and its generalizations and some matrix polynomials.
We introduce maximal and average coherence on lattices by analogy with these notions on frames in Euclidean spaces. Lattices with low coherence can be of interest in signal processing, whereas lattices with high orthogonality defect are of interest in sphere packing problems. As such, coherence and orthogonality defect are different measures of the extent to which a lattice fails to be orthogonal, and maximizing their quotient (normalized for the number of minimal vectors with respect to dimension) gives lattices with particularly good optimization properties. While orthogonality defect is a fairly classical and well-studied notion on various families of lattices, coherence is not. We investigate coherence properties of a nice family of algebraic lattices coming from rings of integers in cyclotomic number fields, proving a simple formula for their average coherence. We look at some examples of such lattices and compare their coherence properties to those of the standard root lattices.
In this paper, we study regularity of weak solutions to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in $\mathbb{R}^{3}\times (0,T)$. The main goal is to establish the regularity criterion via the gradient of one velocity component in multiplier spaces.
Recall that a ring R is called strongly pi-regular if, for every a in R, there is a positive integer n, depending on a, such that a^n belongs to the intersection of a^{n+1}R and Ra^{n+1}. In this paper we give a further study of the notion of a strongly pi-star-regular ring, which is the star-version of strongly pi-regular rings and which was originally introduced by Cui-Wang in J. Korean Math. Soc. (2015). We also establish various properties of these rings and give several new characterizations in terms of (strong) pi-regularity and involution. Our results also considerably extend recent ones in the subject due to Cui-Yin in Algebra Colloq. (2018) proved for pi-star-regular rings and due to Cui-Danchev in J. Algebra Appl. (2020) proved for star-periodic rings.
We consider Complex Ginzburg-Landau equations with a polynomial nonlinearity in the real line. We use splitting-methods to prove well-posedness for a subset of almost periodic spaces. Specifically, we prove that if the initial condition has multiples of an irrational phase, then the solution of the equation maintains those same phases.
In this paper we use Faa di Bruno's formula to associate Bell polynomial values to differential equations of the form $y^{\prime}=f(y)$. That is, we use partial Bell polynomials to represent the solution of such an equation and use the solution to compute special values of partial Bell polynomials.
In this paper, we consider p-biharmonic submanifolds of aspace form. We give the necessary and sufficient conditions for a submanifold to be p-biharmonic in a space form. We present some new properties for the stress p-bienergy tensor.
Without imposing any conditions on dependence structure, we give a seemingly overlooked simple sufficient condition for $L^{p}$ random variables $X_{1}, X_{2}, \dots$ with given $1 \leq p \leq +\infty$ to satisfy \[\frac{1}{a_{n}}\sum_{i=1}^{b_{n}}(X_{i} - \mathbb{E} X_{i}) \overset{L^{p}}\to 0 \,\,\, \mathrm{as}\, n \to \infty,\]where $(a_{n})_{n \in \mathbb{N}}, (b_{n})_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ are prespecified unbounded sequences of positive integers.Some unexpected convergences of sample means follow.
This paper, we define the Mus-Gradient metric on tangent bundle $TM$ by a deformation non-conform of Sasaki metric over an n-dimensional Riemannian manifold $(M, g)$. First we investigate the geometry of the Mus-Gradient metric and we characterize a new class of proper biharmonic maps. Examples of proper biharmonic maps are constructed when all of the factors are Euclidean spaces.
Let $\mathscr{R}$ be a prime ring of Char$(\mathscr{R}) \neq 2$ and $m\neq 1$ be a positive integer. If $S$ is a nonzero skew derivation with an associated automorphism $\mathscr{T}$ of $\mathscr{R}$ such that $([S([a, b]), [a, b]])^{m} = [S([a, b]), [a, b]]$ for all $a, b \in \mathscr{R}$, then $\mathscr{R}$ is commutative.
In this work, we determined the general terms of all almost balancing numbers of first and second type in terms of balancing numbers and conversely we determined the general terms of all balancing numbers in terms of all almost balancing numbers of first and second type. We also set a correspondence between all almost balancing numbers of first and second type and Pell numbers.
We introduce poly-Bernoulli polynomials in two variables by using a generalization of Stirling numbers of the second kind that we studied in a previous work. We prove the bi-variate poly-Bernoulli polynomial version of some known results on standard Bernoulli polynomials, as the addition formula and the binomial formula. We also prove a result that allows us to obtain poly-Bernoulli polynomial identities from polynomial identities, and we use this result to obtain several identities involving products of poly-Bernoulli and/or standard Bernoulli polynomials. We prove two generalized recurrences for bi-variate poly-Bernoulli polynomials, and obtain some corollaries from them.
In this work, approximate analytic solutions for different types of KdV equations are obtained using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The convergence control parameter h helps us to adjust the convergence region of the approximate analytic solutions. The solutions are obtained in the form of power series. The obtained solutions and the exact solutions are shown graphically, highlighting the effects of non-linearity. We have compared the approximate analytical results which are determined by HAM, with the exact solutions and shown graphically with their absolute errors. By choosing an appropriate value of the convergence control parameter, we can obtain the solution in few iterations. All the computations have been performed using the software package MATHEMATICA.
In this work, we determine the general solution of the quinquevigintic functional equation and also investigate its stability of this equation in the setting of matrix normed spaces and the framework of matrix non-Archimedean fuzzy normed spaces by using the fixed point method.
We consider the following Schrödinger-Bopp-Podolsky system in $\mathbb R^{3}$ $$\left\{ \begin{array}{c} -\varepsilon^{2} \Delta u + V(x)u + \phi u = f(u)\\ -\varepsilon^{2} \Delta \phi + \varepsilon^{4} \Delta^{2}\phi = 4\pi\varepsilon u^{2}\\ \end{array} \right.$$ where $\varepsilon > 0$ with $ V:\mathbb{R}^{3} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}, f:\mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ satisfy suitable assumptions. By using variational methods, we prove that the number of positive solutions is estimated below by the Ljusternick-Schnirelmann category of $M$, the set of minima of the potential $V$.
Let $n$ be a positive integer and let $C_n$ be the cycle indicator of the symmetric group $S_n$. Carlitz proved that if $p$ is a prime, and if $r$ is a non negative integer, then we have the congruence $C_{r+np}\equiv (X_1^p-X_p)^nC_r \mod{pZ_p[X_1,\cdots,X_{r+np}]},$ where $Z_p$ is the ring of $p$-adic integers. We prove that for $p\neq 2$, the preceding congruence holds modulo $npZ_p[X_1,\cdots,X_{r+np}]$. This allows us to prove a Junod's conjecture for Meixner polynomials.
In this paper we recall some results and some criteria on the convergence of matrix continued fractions. The aim of this paper is to give some properties and results of continued fractions with matrix arguments. Then we give continued fraction expansions of the error function erf(A) where A is a matrix. At the end, some numerical examples illustrating the theoretical results are discussed.
This paper studies the stationary analysis of a Markovian queuing system with Bernoulli feedback, interruption vacation, linear impatient customers, strong and weak disaster with the server's repair during the server's operational vacation period. Each customer has its own impatience time and abandons the system as soon as that time ends. When the queue is not empty, the server's operational vacation can be interrupted if the service is completed and the server starts a busy period with a probability q or continues the operational vacation with a probability q. A strong disaster forces simultaneously all present customers (waiting and served) to abandon the system permanently with a probability p but a weak disaster is that all customers decide to be patient by staying in the system, and wait during the repair time with a probability p, where arrival of a new customer can occur. As soon as the repair process of the server is completed, the server remains providing service in the operational vacation period. We analyze this proposed model and derive the probabilities generating functions of the number of customers present in the system together with explicit expressions of some performance measures such as the mean and the variance of the number of customers in the different states, together with the mean sojourn time. Finally, numerical results are presented to show the influence of the system parameters on some studied performance measures.
Legendre curves play a very important and special role in geometry and topology of almost contact manifolds.There are certain results known for Legendre curves in 3-dimensional normal almost contact manifolds. The aim of this paper is to study Legendre curves of three-dimensional $C_{12}$-manifolds which are non-normal almost contact manifolds and classifying all biharmonic Legendre curves in these manifolds.
It is well-known that the antipode $S$ of a commutative or cocommutative Hopf algebra satisfies $S^{2}=\operatorname*{id}$ (where $S^{2}=S\circ S$). Recently, similar results have been obtained by Aguiar, Lauve and Mahajan for connected graded Hopf algebras: Namely, if $H$ is a connected graded Hopf algebra with grading $H=\bigoplus_{n\geq0}H_n$, then each positive integer $n$ satisfies $\left( \operatorname*{id}-S^2\right)^n \left( H_n\right) =0$ and (even stronger) \[ \left( \left( \operatorname{id}+S\right) \circ\left( \operatorname{id}-S^2\right)^{n-1}\right) \left( H_n\right) = 0. \] For some specific $H$'s such as the Malvenuto--Reutenauer Hopf algebra $\operatorname{FQSym}$, the exponents can be lowered. In this note, we generalize these results in several directions: We replace the base field by a commutative ring, replace the Hopf algebra by a coalgebra (actually, a slightly more general object, with no coassociativity required), and replace both $\operatorname{id}$ and $S^2$ by "coalgebra homomorphisms" (of sorts). Specializing back to connected graded Hopf algebras, we show that the exponent $n$ in the identity $\left( \operatorname{id}-S^2\right) ^n \left( H_n\right) =0$ can be lowered to $n-1$ (for $n>1$) if and only if $\left( \operatorname{id} - S^2\right) \left( H_2\right) =0$. (A sufficient condition for this is that every pair of elements of $H_1$ commutes; this is satisfied, e.g., for $\operatorname{FQSym}$.)
In this paper we introduce and study the theories of pseudo links and singular links in the Solid Torus, ST. Pseudo links are links with some missing crossing information that naturally generalize the notion of knot diagrams, and that have potential use in molecular biology, while singular links are links that contain a finite number of self-intersections. We consider pseudo links and singular links in ST and we set up the appropriate topological theory in order to construct invariants for these types of links in ST. In particular, we formulate and prove the analogue of the Alexander theorem for pseudo links and for singular links in ST. We then introduce the mixed pseudo braid monoid and the mixed singular braid monoid, with the use of which, we formulate and prove the analogue of the Markov theorem for pseudo links and for singular links in ST. \smallbreak Moreover, we introduce the pseudo Hecke algebra of type A, $P\mathcal{H}_n$, the cyclotomic and generalized pseudo Hecke algebras of type B, $P\mathcal{H}_{1, n}$, and discuss how the pseudo braid monoid (cor. the mixed pseudo braid monoid) can be represented by $P\mathcal{H}_{n}$ (cor. by $P\mathcal{H}_{1, n}$). This is the first step toward the construction of HOMFLYPT-type invariants for pseudo links in $S^3$ and in ST. We also introduce the cyclotomic and generalized singular Hecke algebras of type B, $S\mathcal{H}_{1, n}$, and we present two sets that we conjecture that they form linear bases for $S\mathcal{H}_{1, […]
In this article we study the homology of nilpotent groups. In particular a certain vanishing result for the homology and cohomology of nilpotent groups is proved.
In this work, we consider the existence of global solution and the exponential decay of a nonlinear porous elastic system with time delay. The nonlinear term as well as the delay acting in the equation of the volume fraction. In order to obtain the existence and uniqueness of a global solution, we will use the semigroup theory of linear operators and under a certain relation involving the coefficients of the system together with a Lyapunov functional, we will establish the exponential decay of the energy associated to the system.
Let $d(n)$ and $d^{\ast}(n)$ be the numbers of divisors and the numbers of unitary divisors of the integer $n\geq1$. In this paper, we prove that \[ \underset{n\in\mathcal{B}}{\underset{n\leq x}{\sum}}\frac{d(n)}{d^{\ast}% (n)}=\frac{16\pi% %TCIMACRO{\U{b2}}% %BeginExpansion {{}^2}% %EndExpansion }{123}\underset{p}{\prod}(1-\frac{1}{2p% %TCIMACRO{\U{b2}}% %BeginExpansion {{}^2}% %EndExpansion }+\frac{1}{2p^{3}})x+\mathcal{O}\left( x^{\frac{\ln8}{\ln10}+\varepsilon }\right) ,~\left( x\geqslant1,~\varepsilon>0\right) , \] where $\mathcal{B}$ is the set which contains any integer that is not a multiple of $5,$ but some permutations of its digits is a multiple of $5.$
In this study we find all solutions of the Diophantine equation $B_{n_{1}}+B_{n_{2}}=2^{a_{1}}+2^{a_{2}}+2^{a_{3}}$ in positive integer variables $(n_{1},n_{2},a_{1},a_{2},a_{3}),$ where $B_{n}$ denotes the $n$-th balancing number.
This survey is devoted to necessary and suffcient conditions for a rational number to be representable by a Cantor series. Necessary and suffcient conditions are formulated for the case of an arbitrary sequence $(q_k)$.